Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil by Dilution Methods: New Correlations for the Prediction of the Kinematic Viscosity of Blends

Dilution is one of the various existing methods in reducing heavy crude oil viscosity. In this method, heavy crude oil is mixed with a solvent or lighter oil in order to achieve a certain viscosity. Thus, precise mixing rules are needed to estimate the viscosity of blend. In this work, new empirical models are developed for the calculation of the kinematic viscosity of crude oil and diluent ble...

Effect of Fractional Flow Curves on the Heavy Oil and Light Oil Recoveries in Petroleum Reservoirs

Behavioral changes in the organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) in the crude oil world market

The main aim of this survey is to investigate the evolution of the OPEC mode of behavior and link the evolution to some important events in the (global) crude oil market. The dominant conclusion of this survey confirms that the primary purpose of OPEC has been to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries, in order to secure their individual and collective interests. OP...

The Study on the Reduction of the Viscosity of Transported Heavy Crude Oil by Fe(II) and Fe(III) Complexes with Phthalic Acid

The coordination compounds of Fe (II) and Fe(III) with phthalic acid were synthesized. The compounds were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and IR spectroscopy. It has been established that, regardless of the oxidative number of iron, the synthesis products have the same chemical composition and chemical formula - [Fe2(o-C6H4...

Application of carbon nanocatalysts in upgrading heavy crude oil assisted with microwave heating.

Heavy crude oil can be upgraded to lighter oil using several techniques. However, current methods usually require high temperatures, long reaction duration, and cause serious environmental pollution. This study shows that by using carbon nanocatalysts, heavy crude oil can be efficiently upgraded to lighter oil at a relatively low temperature of about 150 °C. The temperature of crude oil was inc...